Add What Is Evolution Site And Why Is Everyone Talking About It?

What-Is-Evolution-Site-And-Why-Is-Everyone-Talking-About-It%3F.md

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+The Berkeley Evolution Site
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+Students and teachers who explore the Berkeley site will find resources to help them understand and teach evolution. The materials are organized in different learning paths for example "What does T. rex look like?"
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+Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection states that over time, animals that are better able to adapt biologically to changing environments survive and those that are not extinct. This process of evolution is the basis of science.
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+What is Evolution?
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+The term "evolution" has a variety of nonscientific meanings, including "progress" or "descent with modification." Scientifically it refers to a changes in the traits of living things (or species) over time. In biological terms this change is based on natural selection and genetic drift.
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+Evolution is a key concept in the field of biology today. It is a theory that has been tested and verified by a myriad of scientific tests. Evolution doesn't deal with spiritual beliefs or God's presence like other theories in science, like the Copernican or germ theory of diseases.
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+Early evolutionists, including Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Erasmus Darwin (Charles's grandfather) believed that certain physical traits were predetermined to change in a gradual manner, over time. They referred to this as the "Ladder of Nature" or scala naturae. Charles Lyell used the term to describe this concept in his Principles of Geology, first published in 1833.
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+Darwin published his theory of evolution in his book On the Origin of Species, written in the early 1800s. It states that all species of organisms share common ancestors that can be traced using fossils and other evidence. This is the modern view of evolution, and is supported by many research lines in science which includes molecular genetics.
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+While scientists do not know the exact mechanism by which organisms evolved however they are sure that the evolution of life on earth is a result of natural selection and genetic drift. People with desirable traits are more likely to live and reproduce, and these individuals pass their genes on to the next generation. Over time the gene pool slowly changes and develops into new species.
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+Some scientists also use the term evolution to refer to large-scale changes in evolutionary processes such as the creation of an entirely new species from an ancestral species. Other scientists, like population geneticists, define it more broadly by referring to the net change in allele frequencies over generations. Both definitions are acceptable and accurate however some scientists believe that the allele-frequency definition is missing important features of the evolutionary process.
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+Origins of Life
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+The birth of life is an essential step in the process of evolution. The beginning of life takes place when living systems begin to evolve at a micro level, such as within individual cells.
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+The origin of life is an important subject in many areas such as biology and chemistry. The nature of life is a subject of great interest in science, as it challenges the theory of evolution. It is often called "the mystery of life" or "abiogenesis."
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+Traditionally, the notion that life can emerge from nonliving things is called spontaneous generation, or "spontaneous evolution." This was a popular belief prior to Louis Pasteur's research showed that it was impossible for the development of life to be a result of a purely natural process.
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+Many scientists still believe that it is possible to go from nonliving substances to life. However, the conditions that are required are extremely difficult to reproduce in the laboratory. Researchers studying the beginnings of life are also interested in determining the physical properties of the early Earth and other planets.
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+The life-cycle of a living organism is dependent on a variety of complex chemical reactions, that are not predicted by basic physical laws. This includes the conversion of long information-rich molecules (DNA or RNA) into proteins that carry out functions, and the replication of these complex molecules to create new DNA or RNA sequences. These chemical reactions are comparable to the chicken-and-egg problem: the emergence and development of DNA/RNA, the protein-based cell machinery, is required for the beginning of life. However without life, the chemistry that is required to make it possible does appear to work.
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+Abiogenesis research requires collaboration among scientists from various disciplines. This includes prebiotic chemists, astrobiologists, planetary scientists, geologists and geophysicists.
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+Evolutionary Changes
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+The term "evolution" is used to describe gradual changes in genetic traits over time. These changes could result from adaptation to environmental pressures, as explained in the article on Darwinism (see the entry on Charles Darwin for background) or natural selection.
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+This process increases the frequency of genes that provide the advantage of survival for a species, resulting in an overall change in the appearance of a group. These evolutionary changes are triggered by mutations, reshuffling genes in the process of sexual reproduction, and also by gene flow.
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+While reshuffling and mutation of genes happen in all living organisms, the process by which beneficial mutations are more prevalent is known as natural selection. This happens because, as noted above those with the advantageous trait are likely to have a higher reproduction rate than those who do not have it. This difference in the number of offspring born over a number of generations could cause a gradual change in the average number advantageous traits within a group.
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+A good example of this is the growing beak size on various species of finches found on the Galapagos Islands,  [에볼루션 바카라 사이트](https://evolutionkr.kr/) which have developed beaks with different shapes that allow them to easily access food in their new habitat. These changes in the form and shape of organisms can also aid in the creation of new species.
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+Most of the changes that occur are the result of a single mutation, but sometimes, several changes occur simultaneously. Most of these changes are neither harmful nor even harmful to the organism, but a small percentage can be beneficial to the survival of the organism and its reproduction, thereby increasing their frequency in the population over time. This is the process of natural selection and it could be a time-consuming process that produces the gradual changes that eventually result in a new species.
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+Some people confuse the idea of evolution with the notion that inherited characteristics can be altered through conscious choice or use and abuse, a notion known as soft inheritance. This is a misunderstood understanding of the nature of evolution and of the actual biological processes that lead to it. A more accurate description is that evolution is a two-step procedure which involves the separate and often antagonistic forces of natural selection and mutation.
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+Origins of Humans
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+Modern humans (Homo Sapiens) evolved from primates, a group of mammal species which includes chimpanzees as well as gorillas. Our ancestral ancestors were walking on two legs, as demonstrated by the earliest fossils. Genetic and biological similarities suggest that we are closely related to chimpanzees. In fact our closest relatives are the chimpanzees from the Pan genus. This includes pygmy, as well as bonobos. The last common ancestor between modern humans and chimpanzees was 8 to 6 million years old.
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+Humans have developed a range of traits throughout time including bipedalism, the use of fire and advanced tools. But it's only in the past 100,000 years or so that the majority of the essential characteristics that differentiate us from other species have been developed. These include language, large brain, the capacity to build and use complex tools, as well as the diversity of our culture.
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+Evolution occurs when genetic changes allow members of a population to better adapt to their surroundings. Natural selection is the process that drives this change. Certain characteristics are more desirable than others. The better adapted are more likely to pass their genes on to the next generation. This is the way all species evolve, and the basis of the theory of evolution.
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+Scientists call it the "law of Natural Selection." The law states that species which have an ancestor in common will tend to acquire similar traits over time. It is because these traits make it easier to live and reproduce in their environment.
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+Every organism has DNA molecules, which provides the information necessary to guide their growth and development. The DNA structure is composed of base pair that are arranged in a spiral around phosphate and sugar molecules. The sequence of bases within each strand determines the phenotype which is the person's distinctive appearance and behavior. Different changes and reshuffling of genetic material (known as alleles) during sexual reproduction can cause variation in a group.
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+Fossils from the earliest human species Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis have been discovered in Africa, Asia and Europe. Despite some differences they all support the idea that modern humans first appeared in Africa. The fossil and genetic evidence suggests that early humans left Africa and moved to Asia and Europe.